ПРЕПРИНТ
О результатах, изложенных в препринтах, не следует сообщать в СМИ как о проверенной информации.
Качество аргументации на протяжении последних десятилетий в среднем снизилось; все труднее отличать достоверные публикации от недостоверных. Наблюдается маркетинг лекарственных препаратов и методов лечения с недоказанной эффективностью. В данных обстоятельствах возрастает значение теоретических аргументов. Стволовые клетки и клеточная терапия – одна из популярных тем в медико-биологической литературе. Обсуждается дифференцировка стволовых клеток в направлении различных специализированных тканей, замена стареющих и патологически измененных тканевых элементов. Некоторые публикации преувеличивают целительные свойства, не уделяя достаточного внимания побочным эффектам, в том числе, онкологическим и иммунным. Длинный список положительных результатов, полученный в экспериментах сомнительной достоверности, не является бесспорным доказательством эффективности и безопасности. Клиническое использование стволовых клеток имеет смысл в том случае, если с их участием формируется адекватно функционирующая ткань или происходит замена поврежденных тканевых элементов. При этом должны отсутствовать существенные побочные эффекты. На сегодняшний день доказательства соблюдения этих условий отсутствуют. Альтернативные механизмы действия клеточной терапии (паракринный, трофический, иммуномодулирующий) теоретически малопонятны, поскольку нет оснований ожидать от морфологически примитивных стволовых клеток более выраженных специализированных функций по сравнению со зрелыми клетками. Основным предназначением стволовых клеток является митоз, а не синтез биологически активных веществ. В настоящем обзоре кратко рассматриваются теоретические и практические аспекты использования стволовых клеток при заболеваниях сердца, суставов, печени и центральной нервной системы. Возможно, некоторые методы клеточной терапии являются перспективными направлениями исследований. То же самое можно сказать о зрелых клетках и бесклеточных препаратах, обладающих паракринным или иными эффектами клеточной терапии. Вероятно, некоторые направления окажутся тупиковыми. Финансирование таких исследований отвлекает средства от перспективных направлений.
Яргин С. В. 2025. Стволовые клетки и клеточная терапия: критический обзор. PREPRINTS.RU. https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3113700
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