Background: Dental caries remains one of the most common chronic diseases among adolescents worldwide. Poor oral hygiene, unhealthy dietary habits, and limited access to dental care contribute significantly to its high prevalence. Objective: This review aims to analyze the main risk factors associated with dental caries in adolescents and to summarize the most effective prevention strategies reported in recent studies. Methods: A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Articles published between 2010 and 2024 that addressed adolescent oral health, caries prevention, and behavioral risk factors were analyzed. Results: The findings indicate that the major risk factors for adolescent dental caries include inadequate brushing frequency, excessive sugar consumption, low fluoride exposure, and smoking. Preventive approaches such as school-based oral health programs, fluoride use, and educational interventions were found to significantly reduce caries incidence. Conclusion: Effective prevention of dental caries in adolescents requires a combination of behavioral education, fluoride application, and dietary modification. Integrating preventive programs into school health systems and increasing public awareness remain essential for long-term oral health improvement. Keywords: oral health, adolescents, dental caries, prevention, fluoride, risk factors