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Using a 3D model of the Nefertiti bust obtained by optical scanning, the degree of mirror symmetry of the sculpture was determined. The obtained estimate shows that the magnitude of the facial asymmetry does not exceed 2 mm. As follows from the analysis of the X-ray images of the bust, the inner stone core and the outer plaster shell were produced by casting. Given the relatively high symmetry and the small thickness of the plaster shell, the casting used is characterized as precision casting. To create the molds for the core and the shell corresponding to this casting, it was necessary to produce geometrically similar clay models of the core and the shell, for which a 3D pantograph was most likely used. The high degree of facial symmetry, the presence of an artificial-stone core with a relatively thin outer shell, the use of casting and its precision character, the application of low-shrinkage materials, the detachable construction of sculptures from the same excavation, and other features revealed in the course of the present study allow us to confidently assert that the famous bust of Nefertiti is a forgery.
Lapshin R. V. 2026. Design features, fabrication method, and materials used that expose the Nefertiti bust as a forgery. PREPRINTS.RU. https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3115052
