In an increasingly volatile global market, the strategic management of airline treasury functions has emerged as a critical factor for financial stability and operational efficiency. This paper explores the transformative impact of adopting a Key Performance Indicator (KPI)-driven approach within the treasury operations of the airline industry. Through a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative insights from industry experts with quantitative analysis of financial data, the study identifies crucial KPIs across cash management, risk management, investment management, debt management, and regulatory compliance. The findings highlight the significance of KPIs in enhancing decision-making processes, optimizing financial performance, and aligning treasury operations with broader business objectives. Case studies from leading airlines illustrate the practical application and benefits of a KPI-driven approach, demonstrating improvements in liquidity management, risk mitigation, and strategic investment outcomes. Comparative analysis further identifies best practices and areas for improvement, emphasizing the need for dynamic KPI management and technological integration. The study contributes to both academic and practical understandings of strategic financial management, offering actionable insights for Chief Treasury Officers (CTOs) and treasury teams aiming to navigate the complexities of the airline industry effectively. It also suggests directions for future research, including the impact of technological advancements and global economic trends on treasury strategies.