Abstract The material-spatiotemporal structure of the world at any adopted scale cannot be represented without four fundamental constants: Newton’s gravitational constant, Planck’s quantum of action in Dirac’s interpretation, the speed of light as used by Einstein, and Sommerfeld’s fine-structure constant. Max Planck first proposed a natural system of units based on these constants, expressing energy, distance, time, electric charge and spin. This system, however, has remained largely a supplement to quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. In this paper I argue that the natural system is deeply underestimated: it actually encodes the most general structure of our world and the physical foundation of all existing constants. The Planck set εp = p ℏc5/G, lp = p ℏG/c3, tp = p ℏG/c5 implies that no lengths smaller than these units exist in nature. Consequently, singularities are impossible, and the Big Bang initial singularity as well as black hole singularities are mathematical artifacts rather than physical realities. The Friedmann theorem requires reconsideration. Furthermore, standard quantum field theory based on differential calculus becomes problematic, because differentials tending to zero are pure mathematics — in nature there is a minimal value, and any interval contains an integer number of natural units. Thus Ln = nlp, Tn = ntp, En = nεp with n ∈ N. For one connected field system, all comparable parameters share the same quantum number k: Lk = klp, Tk = ktp, Ek = kεp. As a consequence, fundamental constants can be expressed by infinitely many parameter sets, provided they all contain the same quantum number. This challenges the Bell inequality proof: a change or measurement at one point of the field always correlates with a change or measurement at another point, regardless of the field scale. Entanglement or non-locality is a universal feature expressed by a single quantum number. The Dirac constant reveals the coherence of gravity and electromagnetism. The Einstein–Bohr debate about God playing dice is thus resolved in favour of Einstein’s determinism: at the quantum level everything is super-deterministic; probability arises solely from measurement errors. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, when expressed in Planck units, becomes strictly deterministic: (mplp/tp) · lp = 1 2πh. These findings constitute a fundamental law of nature, without which no modern theory can be considered complete. On this basis a unified field theory will be developed in a subsequent paper. 1