Comparison of Soviet and post-Soviet Russian settlement systems with the US settlement system, 1959-2020

Gennady Aleksandrovich Grachev

ПРЕПРИНТ

Эта статья является препринтом и не была отрецензирована.
О результатах, изложенных в препринтах, не следует сообщать в СМИ как о проверенной информации.

Comparison of Soviet and post-Soviet Russian settlement systems with the US settlement system, 1959-2020

G. A. Grachev

2021-06-29

https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3112250

The lack of discernible changes in the Russian (hereinafter RF) settlement system after the transition from a centrally managed economy to a capitalist economy seems to be contrary to the established view of the exceptional character of capitalist-style settlement systems. To explain this misunderstanding, we compared the state of settlement systems in Russia and in the United States between 1959 and 2020 in this paper. The measures of shape of the Pareto curve were used to quantify the state of the settlement systems: critical exponent, asymmetry coefficient, and Gini coefficient. The study found that the system of settlement in RF territories during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods had the same order and development trend as the system of settlement in US states. The order of urban systems in regions correlates with the local average annual temperatures. The results have led us to conclude that the settlement systems were independent from the economic paradigm.

Ссылка для цитирования:

Grachev G. A. 2021. Comparison of Soviet and post-Soviet Russian settlement systems with the US settlement system, 1959-2020. PREPRINTS.RU. https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3112250

Список литературы

1. Alperovich, Gershon. 1984. “The Size Distribution of Cities: On the Empirical Validity of the Rank-Size Rule.” Journal of Urban Economics 16 (2): 232–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(84)90044-5.

2. Andreev, Vsevolod V. 2020. “Features of Territorial Distribution of Population in Russia.” In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1295:541–53. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63319-6_50.

3. Antoniou, I., V.V. Ivanov, A.V. Kryanev, V.V. Matokhin, and M.V. Shapovalov. 2004. “On the Eecient Resources Distribution in Economics Based on Entropy.” Physica A 336: 549–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2003.12.051.

4. Auerbach, Felix. 1913. “Das Gesetz Der Bevölkerungskonzentration.” Petermanns Geographische, 74–76.

5. Becker, Charles, Joshua Mendelsohn, and Kseniya Benderskaya. 2012. “Russian Urbanization in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Eras International Institute for Environment and Development United Nations Population Fund Human Setilements Group.” https://doi.org/http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=10613IIED.

6. Berry, Brian J L, and Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn. 2012. “The City Size Distribution Debate: Resolution for US Urban Regions and Megalopolitan Areas.” Cities 29 (1): S17‐S23,. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.cities.2011.11.007,.

7. Burr, Irving W. 1942. “Cumulative Frequency Functions.” The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 13 (2): 215–32. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177731607.

8. Carroll, Glenn R. 1982. “National City-Size Distributions: What Do We Know after 67 Years of Research?” Progress in Human Geography 6 (1): 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913258200600101.

9. Castells-Quintana, David, Melanie Krause, and Thomas K J McDermott. 2020. “The Urbanising Force of Global Warming: The Role of Climate Change in the Spatial Distribution of Population.” Journal of Economic Geography, November. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbaa030.

10. Churkina, Natalia, and Sergey Zaverskiy. 2017. “Challenges of Strong Concentration in Urbanization: The Case of Moscow in Russia.” In Procedia Engineering, 198:398–410. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.095.

11. Clayton, E., and T. Richardson. 1989. “Soviet Control of City Size.” Economic Development & Cultural Change 38 (1): 155–65. https://doi.org/10.1086/451781.

12. Cottineau, Clémentine. 2017. “MetaZipf. A Dynamic Meta-Analysis of City Size Distributions.” PLoS ONE 12 (8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183919.

13. Ferenčuhová, Slavomíra, and Michael Gentile. 2016. “Introduction: Post-Socialist Cities and Urban Theory.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 57 (4–5): 483–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2016.1270615.

14. Gang, Ira N., Robert C. Stuart, Ira Gang, and Robert C. Stuart. 1999. “Mobility Where Mobility Is Illegal: Internal Migration and City Growth in the Soviet Union.” Journal of Population Economics 12 (1): 117–34. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:jopoec:v:12:y:1999:i:1:p:117-134.

15. Gini, Corrado. 1912. Variabilità e Mutabilità : Contributo Allo Studio Delle Distribuzioni e Delle Relazioni Statistiche. Bologna: Tipografia di Paolo Cuppini.

16. Grachev, G.A. 2009. “Sistemnye Zakonomernosti Neravenstva Dokhodov Naseleniya.” Ekonomicheskie Nauki 8 (57): 327-331. (In Russ.).

17. ———. 2010. “Model’ Optimal’nogo Sostoyaniya Sistemy Gorodskogo Rasseleniya’.” Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya, no. 3: 46-51. (In Russ.).

18. ———. 2011. Modelirovanie Printsipa Pareto. Rostov-na-Donu: Izd-vo Yuzhnogo federal’nogo un-ta. (In Russ.).

19. ———. 2020. “Size Distribution of States, Counties, and Cities in the USA: New Inequality Form Information.” Preprints.Ru. 2020. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24108/preprints-3112131.

20. Granberg, A.G., V.V. Kistanov, and A.A. Adamesku. 2003. The State-Territorial Structure of Russia. OOO Izdatel’sko-Konsaltingovoe Predpriyatie «DeKA», Moskva.

21. Iyer, Seema D. 2003. “Increasing Unevenness in the Distribution of City Sizes in Post-Soviet Russia.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 44 (5): 348–67. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.44.5.348.

22. Jefferson, Mark. 1939. “The Law of the Primate City.” Geographical Review 29 (2): 226. https://doi.org/10.2307/209944.

23. Kakwani, Nanak. 1980. Income Inequality and Poverty : Methods of Estimation and Policy Applications. Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press.

24. Kolomak, E.A. 2015. “Urbanization Resource in Russia.” Spatial Economics, no. 4: 59–74.

25. ———. 2020. “Spatial Development of the Post‐Soviet Russia: Tendencies and Factors.” Regional Science Policy & Practice 12 (4): 579–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12299.

26. Kumo, Kazuhiro, and Elena Shadrina. 2021. “On the Evolution of Hierarchical Urban Systems in Soviet Russia, 1897-1989.” 91. RRC Working Paper Series.

27. Lappo, G., and P. Polyan. 1999. “Results of Urbanization in Russia by the End of the XX Century.” Mir Rossii. Sotsiologiya. Etnologiya [Universe of Russia. Sociology. Ethnology] 8 (4): 35-46 (in Russ).

28. Lobo, Jose, Luis MA Bettencourt, Michael E Smith, and Scott Ortman. 2020. “Settlement Scaling Theory: Bridging the Study of Ancient and Contemporary Urban Systems.” Urban Studies 57 (4): 731–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019873796.

29. Lorenz, M.O. 1905. “Methods of Measuring the Concentration of Wealth.” American Statistical Association 9 (70): 209–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/2276207.

30. Murray, Pearse, and Ivan Szelenyi. 1984. “The City in the Transition to Socialism.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 8 (1): 90–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1984.tb00415.x.

31. Ot Ekonomiki Perekhodnogo Perioda k Ekonomiki Razvitiia. Memorandum Ob Ekonomicheskom Polozhenii Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 2004. World Bank.

32. Pareto, Vilfredo. 1897. “Cours d’Économie Politique, Vol. I. Pp. 430. I896. Vol. II. Pp. 426. I897. Lausanne: F. Rouge.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 9 (3): 128–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271629700900314.

33. Pumain, Denise, Elfie Swerts, Clémentine Cottineau, Céline Vacchiani-Marcuzzo, Antonio Ignazzi, Anne Bretagnolle, François Delisle, Robin Cura, Liliane Lizzi, and Solène Baffi. 2015. “Multilevel Comparison of Large Urban Systems.” CyberGeo. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.26730.

34. Rozenblat, C., Pumain, D. 2018. International and Transnational Perspectives on Urban Systems. Edited by Velasquez E. Springer - Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811077982.

35. Russia: Reshaping Economic Geography. 2011. Washington: World Bank Report No. 62905-RU.

36. Sen, Amartya. 1973. On Economic Equality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

37. Smirnov, A.V. 2020. “The Arctic Population: Dynamics and Centers of the Settlement System.” Arktika i Sever [Arctic and North], no. 40: 270–290. https://doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.40.270.

38. Stanley, H. 1971. Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena. New York: Oxford University Press.

39. Ubarevičienė, Rūta. 2018. “City Systems in the Baltic States: The Soviet Legacy and Current Paths of Change.” Europa Regional 25 (2): 15–29. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-59048-2.

40. Zipf, George K. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort. Cambridge, (Mass.): Addison-Wesley. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(195007)6:3<306::aid-jclp2270060331>3.0.co;2-7.

ПРЕПРИНТ

ИНФОРМАЦИЯ